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Abstract
The objectives of this thematic paper are to study the last admonition of the Buddha in Mahāparinibbāna Sutta and to do an analysis study over this matter. This research was conducted based on Qualitative Research Methodology and Documentary Research.
The result of the study found that:
The three characteristics of the conditioned things namely were impermanence, un satisfactoriness, and non-self, according to explanation depicted in the Abhidhamma clearly classified into 4 matters: Aharaja Rupa, Kammaja Rupa, Utuja Rupa, and Cittaja Rupa. Carefulness was being with mindful, not engaging with wrong ways of living and looking for a chance to do and creating wholesome things. However, there were 4 advantages of carefulness: (1) knowing the fact of conditioned things, (2) self-alert of carefulness, (3) not affected with the changes of conditioned things (4) achieved success. Being aware of the changes of conditioned things leading one to understand the true characteristic of the universal and therefore he or she would not be attached to anything as eventually un satisfactoriness mostly erupted from the attachment (Upadana).
Generally there were 2 types of conditioned things in our human personality: material things (Rupa) and mentality in the Five Aggregates. The decay of the Five Aggregates could be explained simply through the fixed of the age 100 years. Thus, some might die in the womb, some die while giving birth, some die at the age of 15 days, 1 month, 1 year, some up to 100 years, and only a few was beyond 100 years. Thus, the Buddha pointed out that all beings were encountered with death, either cleaver or fools, could not request for prolonging or delay the death. All phenomena were fell under the rule of causal-relation; the Five Aggregates also were being been changed to decay. There was no room for permanence; therefore, leading to un satisfactoriness because of clinking on permanence of the things. This tells the Buddhist practitioners not to attach to all conditioned things as me or mine. Obviously, the Five Aggregates had the common characteristics of birth, aging, and death. For instance, while being aging the teeth were gradually fell out, white hair, wrinkle skin, and sickly. All these were the non-stop changing of the conditioned things, decay, and that of cycle of un satisfactoriness.
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